The Camera

aperture- an opening, hole etc.

shutter- a mechanical device for opening and closing the opening of a camera lens to show film
exposure- the act or state of being exposed
depth of field- the range of a distances along the camera
F-stop- the setting of an adjustable lens aperture, as indicated by an f number

focal length- the distance from a focal point of a lens or mirror to the corresponding principal plane

parallax- the difference between the view of an object as seen through the picture-taking lens of a camera and the view as seen through a separate viewfinder
pellicle- a thin, partially reflective coating, as on a beam splitter or pellicle mirror
pentaprism- a prism  that has five faces, a pair of which are at 90° to each other; a ray entering one of the pair emerges from the other at an angle of 90° to its original direction: used especially in single-lens reflex cameras to reverse images laterally and reflect them to the viewfinder.
scene- any view or picture

There's a button next to the lens and I think it's used for the clicker/camera button to take the pictures.

I also think the twisting thing (on the top left) is used to change the picture types, ex. Indoor, Pet, Sport. The lens is able to zoom in and out by just looking at the lens frame.